Cabinet Departments Independent Agencies Independent Regulatory Commissions Government Corporations

Head Cabinet Secretary Administrator or Commission Multimember Board or Commission Boards or Commission

Appointment Presidential with Senate approval Presidential (some with Senate approval) Presidential, bipartisan with Senate approval Presidential (some with Senate approval)

Term of Office President's discretion Presidential discretion or specified specific, staggered President's discretion

Removal President President (or for cause only) for cause only President

Role General administration specialized programs economic regulation business enterprises

Functions administrative, quasi-judicial; quasi-legislative administrative (all); quasi-judicial (some); quasi-legislative (some) administrative; quasi-judicial; quasi-legislative administrative

	Cabinet Departments	Independent Agencies	Independent Regulatory Commissions	Government Corporations
Head	Cabinet Secretary	Administrator or Commission	Multimember Board or Commission	Boards or Commission
Appointment	Presidential with Senate approval	Presidential (some with Senate approval)	Presidential, bipartisan with Senate approval	Presidential (some with Senate approval)
Term of Office	President's discretion	Presidential discretion or specified	specific, staggered	President's discretion
Removal	President	President (or for cause only)	for cause only	President
Role	General administration	specialized programs	economic regulation	business enterprises
Functions	administrative, quasi-judicial; quasi-legislative	administrative (all); quasi-judicial (some); quasi-legislative (some)	administrative; quasi-judicial; quasi-legislative	administrative