Theoretical Explanations for the American Two-Party System

1) Institutional Theory
(structure, structure, structure!)

the American electoral and governmental systems lead to a two-party system:
regular elections, single-member districts, first-past-the-post system
the single national executive rather than cabinet government associated with a parliamentary system

2) Dualist Theory
(A test of your knowledge of American history!)

historical persistence of initial form
American politics seen as competition between two groups:
Eastern financial interests vs. western frontierspeople
north vs. south
urban vs. rural
natural dualism of in vs. out; anti- vs. pro status quo

3) Cultural Theory
(remember Monsma?)

argues the development of a political culture that accepts the necessity of compromise

the wisdom of short term pragmatism

the avoidance of unyielding dogmatism

4) Social Consensus Theory
(Monsma + history)

argument that there is a notable degree of consensus on basic values or fundamentals
piecemeal additions to the American electorate
absence of ideology