From Whicker and Moore's Chapter Seven:
"IN SEARCH OF HEROES: WHEN PRESIDENTS ARE GREAT"
"The dimensions of selling and management skills so crucial to the success of the modern presidency
may be combined to form a typology of presidential leadership".
| Low Selling Scores | High Selling Scores | |
| High Management Skills | OPERATIONAL LEADERSHIP Nixon | GREAT LEADERSHIP Roosevelt Kennedy Truman Eisenhower |
| Low Management Skills | INEFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP Ford Carter Hoover | POLITICAL LEADERSHIP Johnson Reagan |